ABSTRACT
Superfícies de aço inoxidável com especificações determinadas pela American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) são usadas em testes in vitro para simular a formação e a remoção de biofilmes. Muitas vezes estas superfícies são reutilizadas nos ensaios de formação de biofilmes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar se cupons de aço inoxidável anteriormente utilizados para formação de biofilmes multiespécies podem ser reutilizados em novos ensaios. Assim, cupons submetidos a diferentes procedimentos de higienização foram analisados por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e perfilometria . A reutilização das superfícies em novos experimentos deve ser realizada com cautela, aplicando procedimentos que removam as células bacterianas e a substância polimérica extracelular (EPS) aderidas na superfície. Além disso, observações da superfície (topografia e rugosidade) devem ser avaliadas, comprovando as especificações da ASTM.
Subject(s)
Stainless Steel/analysis , Biofilms , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning/methods , RecyclingABSTRACT
Semiconductor nanoparticles, such as quantum dots (QDs), were used to carry out experiments in vivo and ex vivo with Trypanosoma cruzi. However, questions have been raised regarding the nanotoxicity of QDs in living cells, microorganisms, tissues and whole animals. The objective of this paper was to conduct a QD nanotoxicity study on living T. cruzi protozoa using analytical methods. This was accomplished using in vitro experiments to test the interference of the QDs on parasite development, morphology and viability. Our results show that after 72 h, a 200 μM cadmium telluride (CdTe) QD solution induced important morphological alterations in T. cruzi, such as DNA damage, plasma membrane blebbing and mitochondrial swelling. Flow cytometry assays showed no damage to the plasma membrane when incubated with 200 μM CdTe QDs for up to 72 h (propidium iodide cells), giving no evidence of classical necrosis. Parasites incubated with 2 μM CdTe QDs still proliferated after seven days. In summary, a low concentration of CdTe QDs (2 μM) is optimal for bioimaging, whereas a high concentration (200 μM CdTe) could be toxic to cells. Taken together, our data indicate that 2 μM QD can be used for the successful long-term study of the parasite-vector interaction in real time.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Cadmium Compounds/toxicity , Cell Proliferation , DNA Damage , Quantum Dots , Tellurium/toxicity , Trypanosoma cruzi , Cell Membrane , Flow Cytometry , Fluorescent Dyes , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Mitochondrial Swelling , Trypanosoma cruzi/ultrastructureABSTRACT
Hemagglutination is widely used in transfusion medicine and depends on several factors including antigens, antibodies, electrical properties of red blood cells and the environment of the reaction. Intermolecular forces are involved in agglutination with cell clumping occurring when the aggregation force is greater than the force of repulsion. Repulsive force is generated by negative charges on the red blood cell surface that occur due to the presence of the carboxyl group of sialic acids in the cell membrane; these charges create a repulsive electric zeta potential between cells. In transfusion services, specific solutions are used to improve hemagglutination, including enzymes that reduce the negative charge of red blood cells, LISS which improves the binding of antibodies to antigens and macromolecules that decrease the distance between erythrocytes. The specificity and sensitivity of immunohematological reactions depend directly on the appropriate use of these solutions. Knowledge of the electrical properties of red blood cells and of the action of enhancement solutions can contribute to the immunohematology practice in transfusion services.
Subject(s)
zeta Potential , Agglutination , Erythrocytes , Optical Tweezers , Peptide Hydrolases , DextransABSTRACT
A pinca optica, baseada na tecnica de transferencia de momentum de fotons para capturar e manipular particulas biologicas, foi desenvolvida por A. Ashkin et al. em 1987. Desde entao, ela tem sido utilizada em estudos de genetica molecular, fertilizacao assistida, dentre outros. Neste trabalho, utilizamos a pinca optica para estudar a deformabilidade da membrana da hemacia, com o auxilio de um laser Nd:YAG, cujo feixe e focalizado num microscopio Olympus com um aumento de ate 100 vezes. A hemacia, na sua funcao de captar o oxigenio dos pulmoes e leva-lo para todas as celulas atraves da hemoglobina, percorre todos os vasos sanguineos do organismo por aproximadamente 500.000 vezes, durante sua vida media de 120 dias, atravessando uma distancia de 250km...